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''Years of Living Dangerously'' is a documentary television series focusing on global warming. The first season premiered on April 13, 2014, consisted of 9 episodes, and ran on ''Showtime''. It won an Emmy Award as Outstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Series. The second season, consisting of 8 episodes, is expected to air on the ''National Geographic Channel'' in late 2016, with broader distribution than the first season. James Cameron, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and clean energy investor and environmental activist Daniel Abbasi are executive producers of the series, as was the late Jerry Weintraub for the first season. Joel Bach and David Gelber, former ''60 Minutes'' producers, are co-creators of the series as well as executive producers. Joseph Romm and Heidi Cullen are the chief science advisors.〔("Team" ), ''Years of Living Dangerously'' website, ''Showtime'', accessed March 30, 2014〕〔Hale, Mike. ("A Climate of Complexity" ), ''The New York Times'', April 12, 2014〕 The weekly episodes feature celebrity investigators, who each have a history of environmental activism, and well-known journalists, each of whom have a background in environmental reportage. These "correspondents" travel to areas around the world and throughout the U.S. affected by global warming to interview experts and ordinary people affected by, and seeking solutions to, the effects of global warming. They act as proxies for the audience, asking questions to find out people's opinions and to discover the scientific evidence.〔Revkin, Andrew C. ("Showtime Series Aims to Engage Sleepy Public on Global Warming With Celebrity Guides" ), ''The New York Times'', April 7, 2014〕〔Fitts, Alexis Sobel. ("Almost Famous" ), ''Columbia Journalism Review'', January 2, 2014〕 The celebrities in season 1 included Harrison Ford, Matt Damon, Ian Somerhalder, Jessica Alba, Don Cheadle, America Ferrera, Michael C. Hall, Olivia Munn and Schwarzenegger. The journalists include Lesley Stahl, Thomas Friedman, Chris Hayes and Mark Bittman.〔 The final episode of season 1 featured an interview by Friedman of President Barack Obama. In season 2, David Letterman has agreed to travel to India to interview the prime minister and examine how the country plans to distribute solar power to its entire population over the next decade. The show will send Schwarzenegger as a correspondent to China. Other hosts for season 2 include Cameron, Somerhalder, Munn, Friedman, Cheadle, and newcomers Jack Black, Joshua Jackson, Aasif Mandvi, Cecily Strong and Ty Burrell in an episode about electric cars.〔Steinberg, Brian. ("David Letterman Will Explore Climate Change For National Geographic Docu-Series" ), ''Variety'', September 17, 2015〕〔Gajewski, Ryan. ("David Letterman Lands First Post-'Late Show' TV Gig – About Climate Change" ), ''Hollywood Reporter'', September 17, 2015〕 Season 2 is expected to cover more impacts of climate change, like hurricanes, historic droughts and the rapidly increasing extinction rate of species, but Bach noted that the season will "focus much more ... on solutions that individuals, communities, companies and even governments can use to address worldwide climate change."〔Romm, Joseph. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Is Back for Season 2 on ''National Geographic''" ), ThinkProgress.org, September 17, 2015〕〔("National Geographic Orders Season 2 of ''Years of Living Dangerously''" ), BroadwayWorld.com, September 18, 2015〕 Schwarzenegger reflected on how the series tries to make the issue of climate change resonate with the public: "I think the environmental movement only can be successful if we are simple and clear and make it a human story. We will tell human stories in this project. The scientists would never get the kind of attention that someone in show business gets."〔Doyle, John. ("The Governator’s got a new foe – Climate Change" ), ''The Globe and Mail'', January 16, 2014〕 Cameron elaborated: "We didn’t use our celebrities as talking head experts, because they’re not climate experts. They were concerned, intelligent, curious citizens who were out to find answers. They were functioning as journalists."〔Joiner, James. ("James Cameron on Getting Over Dread, Despair and Yourself Long Enough to Believe in Climate Change" ), ''Esquire'' magazine, September 23, 2014.〕 ''Newsweek'' said that the celebrity reporters "lend sparks to an issue that sends most viewers for the exits".〔Elder, Sean. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Shows the Devastating Effects of Climate Change" ), ''Newsweek'', September 4, 2014〕 ==Episode summaries – season 1== Episode 1, "Dry Season" (first aired on April 13, 2014): Don Cheadle reports on the severe droughts in the Southwest United States, following scientist and devout Christian, Katharine Hayhoe, as she speaks to religious audiences about the connection between extreme weather and climate change; Harrison Ford visits Indonesia to learn how slash-and-burn deforestation, driven by the global appetite for products like palm oil and paper, contributes a large portion of the world's carbon emissions; and Thomas Friedman investigates how drought contributed to the civil war in Syria.〔〔("Watch Episode 1 of James Cameron's ''Years of Living Dangerously''" ), ''Skeptical Science'', April 7, 2014〕 The UK organization Global Witness stated that although Ford's segment exposed the dangers of deforestation, executive producer Arnold Schwarzenegger owned an approximately 5% stake in Dimensional Fund Advisors, a firm that it said finances many of the world's largest logging companies.〔Picken, Tom. (Global Witness, "Arnold Schwarzenegger's Inconvenient Truth" ), March 31, 2014, accessed August 18, 2015〕 Episode 2, "End of the Woods" (April 20, 2014): Schwarzenegger accompanies the "hot shots", elite firefighters in Western US forests, as they risk their lives fighting the fire season made longer and more destructive by global warming, as fire regions expand from the southwest US further north into Canada. He learns that even more destruction is caused by the proliferation of bark beetles, as longer summers enable them to reproduce up to twice each year and kill trees with their toxic secretions. Meanwhile, Ford continues his quest to stop Indonesian deforestation and the carbon emissions and displacement of animals and people that it causes, confronting officials including Indonesia's Forestry Minister, Zulkifli Hasan, and its President, whom he persuades, with the help of the TV cameras, to take "real action". He also gets sustainability commitments from officers of Unilever, a major user of palm oil. We also see how Greenpeace and other environmental groups are making a real and positive difference.〔Abraham, John and Dana Nuccitelli. ("In the ''Years of Living Dangerously'', Part 1" ), ''The Guardian'', September 6, 2014〕〔Bittel, Jason. ("The Governator’s Back – and Going After Climate Change" ), ''On Earth'', April 21, 2004〕〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Recap: Episode 2" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, April 21, 2014〕〔Ross, Judith A. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Brings Home the Facts ~ Episode 2" ), Moms Clean Air Force, April 23, 2014〕 Episode 3, "The Surge" (April 27, 2014): Chris Hayes reports on how Superstorm Sandy affected towns and families; he meets with congressman Michael Grimm from New Jersey, initially a climate skeptic, who changes his position on global warming after reviewing the science and the work of fellow-Republican Bob Inglis. M. Sanjayan interviews scientists around the world about global warming and reviews the data that they are collecting about the effects of climate change around the world, for example at Christmas Island, where El Niños begin.〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Recap: Episode 3, 'The Surge'" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, April 28, 2014〕〔Ross, Judith A. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Explores a Mother’s Worst Nightmare in Episode 3" ), Moms Clean Air Force, April 29, 2014〕 Episode 4, "Ice & Brimstone" (May 4, 2014): Ian Somerhalder follows Anna Jane Joyner, the daughter of prominent Evangelical preacher, Rick Joyner, as she works to persuade congregations and preachers in North Carolina (including her skeptical father) to join the Evangelical fight against global warming and the Beyond Coal campaign to shut down a coal-fired power plant.〔Sellitti, Rebecca. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Episode #4: Ice and Brimstone with Ian Somerhalder" ), Globalcool.org, May 7, 2014〕〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Episode 4: 'Ice and Brimstone'" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, May 5, 2014〕 They meet with Inglis, gulf coast workers, Hayhoe and former skeptical scientist Richard Muller, all of whom provide Rick with information about impacts of climate change.〔Abraham, John and Dana Nuccitelli. ("In the ''Years of Living Dangerously'', Part 2" ), ''The Guardian'', September 8, 2014〕 Anna asked her father for his support in an open letter in the ''Huffington Post'', writing: "We are the first generation that knows how serious the stakes are, as well as the last to be able to do something about it in time.〔Joyner, Anna Jane. ("An Open Letter to My Daddy Who Doesn't Accept Climate Change" ), ''Huffington Post'', May 2, 2014〕 Lesley Stahl visits Greenland to investigate the effects of global warming in the Arctic on global sea levels and the rush to develop oil and gas reserves there. Greenland's ice is melting five times faster than it was 20 years ago, but businesses hope to gain trillions of dollars by exploiting the arctic.〔 Scientist Heidi Cullen explains that "if we don’t leave 30 percent of our oil and gas reserves untapped, large parts of our planet will become unlivable."〔Ross, Judith A. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Episode 4 Shows Us Why We Can’t Give Up" ), Moms Clean Air Force, May 14, 2014〕 Stahl meets with U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry,〔(Photo of Stahl and Kerry ), "Under the Ice", Episode 4, ''Years of Living Dangerously'', accessed June 6, 2014〕 who has called climate change "perhaps the world's most fearsome weapon of mass destruction".〔Mohney, Gillian. ("John Kerry Calls Climate Change a 'Weapon of Mass Destruction'" ), ABC News, February 16, 2014〕 Kerry says that, to make meaningful progress, "the people need to demand that our elected officials take responsible action to craft a real energy policy."〔 Episode 5, "True Colors" (May 12, 2014): Olivia Munn learns about ocean acidification and the proposed West Coast coal export terminals that would nearly double US coal exports. She follows the governor of the State of Washington, Jay Inslee, as he makes the fight against global warming a top priority in his first year in office, using his executive powers when necessary to get around Republican climate-change skeptics in the state legislature. Inslee "urged the media to be more aggressive in covering climate threats since we face 'civilizational suicide' if we fail to act."〔DeMelle, Brendan. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Takes on Climate Denial, Anti-Science Attacks on Climate Solutions" ), ''De-Smog Blog'', May 19, 2014〕 Columnist Mark Bittman of ''The New York Times'' follows up on the post-Hurricane Sandy rebuilding story, the global rise in sea level, and what is being done to better prepare the East coast for storms and surges. He examines the Dutch system of flood management and concludes that, in New Jersey, rebuilding so close to the ocean is environmentally and financially unsustainable. Governor Chris Christie refuses "to acknowledge the role that climate change played in amplifying the impacts" of Sandy.〔 Christie pulled New Jersey out of RGGI after meeting with the Koch brothers, who then funded campaign advertising for Christie.〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Recap: Episode 5, 'True Colors'" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, May 13, 2014〕〔Sellitti, Rebecca. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Episode #5: True Colors starring Olivia Munn" ), Globalcool.org, May 19, 2014〕 Episode 6, "Winds of Change" (May 19, 2014): America Ferrera reports on how public policy has supported the growth of wind and solar power in Kansas, and how oil and gas companies, with lobbyists and allies like the Heartland Institute and the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC) oppose these policies. Meanwhile, Bittman discovers that extracting natural gas through fracking delays our transition to renewable energy and that fracking wells leak a large amount of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, which makes fracked natural gas as dirty as, or dirtier than, burning coal.〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Recap: Episode 6, 'Winds of Change'" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, May 20, 2014〕〔Sellitti, Rebecca. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Episode #6: Winds of Change starring America Ferrera" ), Globalcool.org, May 30, 2014〕 Episode 7, "Revolt, Rebuild, Renew" (May 26, 2014): Jessica Alba follows Climate Corps fellows as they work to help US companies save money and improve profits through energy efficiency and sustainability management. Friedman studies how the effect of global warming on the US wheat crop (and that of other exporting nations) caused a spike in wheat prices in the Middle East, helping to provoke the Arab Spring. He learns that "Earth could warm by more than 9 degrees F (5 degrees C) by 2100 if we don’t aggressively reduce our emissions of greenhouse gases", and that more frequent heat waves and droughts will contribute to food shortages, which can lead to greater conflicts in the Middle East and elsewhere.〔Ross, Judith A. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Episode 7 Reveals Climate Change's Worldwide Web" ), Moms Clean Air Force, June 4, 2014〕 Hayes explores the economy of another area stricken by Hurricane Sandy, Far Rockaway, Queens, discovering that the most economically vulnerable people have been the most severely affected, losing their jobs because of lack of transportation, or having to move away altogether. He concludes that New York and other cities are unprepared for the effects of global warming on their poorest citizens.〔〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Recap: Episode 7, 'Revolt, Rebuild, Renew'" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, May 27, 2014〕 Episode 8, "A Dangerous Future" (June 2, 2014): Michael C. Hall travels to Bangladesh to see how climate change will impact workers and the poor in developing countries in the coming decades, when a projected 150 million people will be forced to leave their homes to escape sea level rise and increased drought, insect-borne disease and flooding. In low-lying, flood-prone, densely populated Bangladesh, sea level rise and the lengthening of the monsoon season, both caused by global warming, have already caused a migration of coastal people to Dhaka and other cities, and across the border into India, because they have lost their homes or livelihoods. These factors are projected to lead to the displacement of 20 million of Bangladeshis by 2100, who are often forced to take dangerous work.〔Abraham, John and Dana Nuccitelli. ("In the ''Years of Living Dangerously'', Part 2" ), ''The Guardian'', September 10, 2014〕 Hall argues that since the US has contributed the largest portion of the emissions already in the atmosphere, it bears responsibility for the climate change impacts in poorer nations.〔〔("The Future is Now" ), ''Years of Living Dangerously'', Showtime, accessed June 3, 2014; Romm, Joseph. ("Climate Change 101: An Introduction" ), ''Years of Living Dangerously'', Showtime, accessed June 3, 2014〕 Matt Damon explores the public health emergencies around the nation and world caused by more frequent, intense, and longer heat waves, which kill more Americans than hurricanes, floods, tornadoes, earthquakes and lightning combined and cause health problems associated with dehydration, such as premature birth.〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Recap: Episode 8, 'A Dangerous Future'" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, June 3, 2014〕〔("The Science Is In: Heat – Heat Deaths" ), ''Years of Living Dangerously'', Showtime, accessed June 3, 2014〕〔Sellitti, Rebecca. ("''Years of Living Dangerously Episode #8: Mercury Rising starring Matt Damon" ), Globalcool.org, June 10, 2014〕 Friedman continues his Middle East investigation in Yemen, where the scarcity of water is already leading to local fighting. He speaks with President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi. Friedman concludes that where climate change leads to more frequent droughts, it is a factor that will increasingly push volatile political situations towards war.〔〔 Episode 9, "Moving a Mountain" (June 9, 2014): Hall concludes his journey to Bangladesh, where rising seas are expected to submerge 17% of the country.〔Sellitti, Rebecca. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Season Finale: The Future Is Now Starring Michael C. Hall" ), Globalcool.org, June 17, 2014〕 He learns that global warming is a human rights, public health and foreign policy issue. Sanjayan questions top climate scientists in their fields who collect data from the past, such as ice core samples, that explain how our climate is changing. Friedman interviews President Barack Obama on climate change and finds that climate can change so fast that it can wipe out a civilization and that "action taken to curb greenhouse emissions could have a measurable, helpful impact."〔Demaline, Kristen. ("''Years of Living Dangerously'' Recap: Episode 9, 'Moving a Mountain'" ), ''Ecocentric'', Grace Communications Foundation, June 10, 2014〕 Obama echoes this, saying "there’s a lot we can do" about global warming.〔 Obama notes that, as a father, he is deeply concerned but optimistic that, with persistence, America can make progress on battling global warming and can become a leader on the issue. Obama acknowledges that, to avoid the worst effects of global warming, we must leave some fossil fuels unexploited. He tells Friedman that "you've got to recognize (global warming ) is going to be one of the most significant long-term challenges, if not the most significant long-term challenge, that this country faces and that the planet faces. ... when (effects of climate change ) start multiplying, then people start thinking ... 'We're going to reward politicians who talk to us honestly and seriously about this problem.'"〔Alman, Ashley. ("Obama 'Absolutely' Wants to Go Off on Climate Change Deniers in Congress" ), ''The Huffington Post'', June 8, 2014〕〔Freidman, Thomas L. ("Obama on Obama on Climate" ), ''The New York Times, June 7, 2014〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Years of Living Dangerously」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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